Development and application of a clinical psychological nursing training program for nursing interns based on the ADDIE model

Objective: To develop and apply a clinical psychological nursing training program for nursing interns based on the ADDIE model, aiming to enhance their psychological nursing competencies. Methods: From August 1, 2023, to February 1, 2025, the five phases of the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) were adopted. First, the current status of clinical training was surveyed, and the content and format of training were analyzed to draft a preliminary training program. Then, two rounds of Delphi expert consultations (involving 14 experts) were conducted to optimize and finalize the program. Subsequently, a single-group pre-post intervention study was conducted, where the program was implemented among 75 nursing interns. Its effectiveness was evaluated using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE), and a self-designed knowledge assessment test. Results: The questionnaire response rates for both rounds of expert consultations were 100%. For first-level items, the mean importance scores ranged from 4.41 to 4.91, with coefficients of variation (CV) of 4.40-15.72%. For second-level items, the scores ranged from 3.78 to 4.93, with CVs of 4.56-19.42%. The finalized training program included 6 key aspects and 7 training formats. Conclusion: The program is scientifically sound, innovative, with easily understandable content and diverse formats. It shows significant training effectiveness and has guiding value for clinical training of nursing interns.