Editorial: New trends in type 2 diabetes diagnosis and management in primary care, volume II

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to represent one of the most substantial and persistent global health challenges, with its burden extending far beyond glycemic control to encompass cardiovascular disease, microvascular complications, healthcare utilization, and socioeconomic consequences (1). As the prevalence of T2DM rises worldwide, primary care settings remain the cornerstone of early detection, risk stratification, long-term management, and patient-centered prevention strategies (2). In this context, primary care professionals are increasingly required to integrate evolving diagnostic tools, therapeutic innovations, and multidisciplinary approaches into everyday clinical practice.Diagnosis and Management in Primary Care, the present Volume II was conceived to capture the rapid developments that have emerged in recent years. Since the publication of the initial collection, the field has undergone significant transformation, driven by advances in predictive modeling, growing attention to real-world healthcare delivery, digital and artificial intelligenceassisted tools, and a deeper understanding of behavioral, psychosocial, and system-level determinants of diabetes outcomes. Together, these changes underscore the need for updated, practice-oriented insights tailored specifically to the realities of primary care.The articles included in this Research Topic collectively address several interconnected dimensions of contemporary diabetes care. The scope and thematic structure of this Research Topic are summarized in Figure 1, which illustrates a primary care-centered framework for contemporary T2DM management. A central theme across multiple contributions is the importance of early identification of dysglycemia and risk stratification. Predictive approaches that combine readily available clinical and biochemical variables demonstrate the potential to identify individuals at high risk for impaired fasting glucose and future diabetes, offering pragmatic tools that can be implemented in resource-constrained primary care environments The scope of this volume also encompasses acute and high-risk clinical scenarios that intersect with primary care decision-making. Studies examining prognostic biomarkers in diabetic ketoacidosis [LINK: Association between blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio and inhospital mortality in critical patients with diabetic ketoacidosis], longitudinal changes in resting heart rate as predictors of adverse outcomes [LINK: Effects of temporal changes in resting heart rate on future diabetes-related outcomes], and complex endocrine emergencies [LINK: Case report: management of a young male patient with diabetic ketoacidosis and thyroid storm] highlight the need for vigilance, timely referral, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Although such conditions may present in hospital settings, early recognition and appropriate triage frequently depend on primary care awareness and continuity of care.Taken together, the contributions in this Research Topic underscore a central message: modern diabetes care in primary care settings is no longer defined solely by glycemic targets, but by a broader, more nuanced framework that integrates prediction, prevention, patient experience, system efficiency, and long-term outcomes. The diversity of methodologies representedranging from large database analyses and cohort studies to qualitative research and clinical trials-reflects the multifaceted nature of diabetes management and the necessity of addressing it from multiple angles.As Topic Editor, we believe that this collection provides timely and clinically relevant insights for primary care physicians, researchers, and policymakers alike. By bridging evidence-based innovations with real-world practice, New Trends in Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosis and Management in Primary Care -Volume II aims to support more effective, equitable, and patient-centered diabetes care. We hope that the perspectives presented here will stimulate further research, encourage interdisciplinary collaboration, and ultimately contribute to improved outcomes for individuals living with type 2 diabetes.