Novel diagnostic approaches and therapeutic management of mucormycosis: insights from a retrospective monocentric cohort study

Background: Mucormycosis is a rare, opportunistic fungal infection with high mortality rates, predominantly affecting immunocompromised patients. Its management is challenging due to diagnostic complexity and limited therapeutic options. Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 21 cases of mucormycosis diagnosed at the University Hospital of Liège between July 2018 and August 2023. Clinical, microbiological, and radiological data were evaluated to identify risk factors, treatment modalities, and outcomes. Results: Hematological malignancies (82%) and immunosuppressive therapy (53%) were the most common risk factors. Pulmonary involvement occurred in 94% of cases. Liposomal Amphotericin B was the most frequently used antifungal therapy, and surgery improved outcomes in 50% of cases when it was performed. Despite these measures, the mortality rate on day 84 remained significant at 35%. Conclusion: This study underscores the challenges of managing mucormycosis in immunocompromised patients. The high mortality rate emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis, tailored antifungal therapy, and standardized treatment protocols to improve survival outcomes.