High prevalence of poly cystic ovary syndrome among young Saudi medical students: an observational cross-sectional study

Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. This study aimed to determine self-reported prevalence of physician-diagnosed PCOS among young medical students at King Saud University and to compare it with reported rates from Western and international populations of similar age. In addition, it assessed the awareness among female medical students at King Saud University. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured self-administered questionnaire distributed to female medical students at King Saud University between December 2024 and March 2025. The survey contained sociodemographic data, PCOS-related signs and symptoms, past medical history, lifestyle factors, knowledge about PCOS and its complications. Statistical analyses included bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression. Results We collected 303 responses. The self-reported prevalence of physician-diagnosed PCOS was 18.5%. Common symptoms included hair loss (60.7%), acne (49.8%), and weight gain (32%). PCOS diagnosis was significantly associated with age group ( p = 0.015), BMI ( p = 0.038), menstrual irregularities ( p < 0.001), hirsutism ( p < 0.001), weight gain ( p = 0.004), diabetes mellitus ( p < 0.001), and family history ( p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression identified hirsutism (OR = 4.36, p = 0.005) to be significantly associated with self-reported physician-diagnosed PCOS. Conclusion The observed prevalence in young medical students in this study was higher than that reported in several Western populations of similar age. Recognition of contributing factors such as genetic susceptibility and lifestyle patterns is essential. Greater emphasis on early screening and targeted health education is recommended.