Impact of ultrasound cycloplasty on ocular biomechanics and refractive parameters: a comprehensive review

Ultrasound cycloplasty (UCP) is a minimally invasive, non-incisional glaucoma treatment that lowers intraocular pressure through high-intensity focused ultrasound-mediated cyclodestruction. Although UCP has been increasingly adopted in clinical practice, and multiple studies have reported its efficacy and safety, evidence regarding its effects on ocular biomechanics and refractive parameters remains limited, leaving critical knowledge gaps in understanding postoperative structural and functional outcomes. This review focuses on these underexplored aspects, synthesizing available clinical and translational studies to identify current limitations and highlight areas requiring further investigation. Overall, existing evidence suggests that UCP achieves sustained intraocular pressure reduction with minimal long-term impact on ocular biomechanics or visual function. By critically integrating these findings, the review aims to fill knowledge gaps, provide insight for clinicians and researchers, and guide optimized patient selection and postoperative monitoring.