Cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) in human body fluids: molecular characteristics, release mechanisms, and clinical translation—an updated review
Abstract
Since its discovery, cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) has emerged as a promising non-invasive molecular marker for disease diagnosis and prognosis. However, the biological origins of cf-mtDNA remain incompletely understood, which limits its clinical applications. This review comprehensively summarizes the molecular characteristics, release mechanisms, and diagnostic applications of cf-mtDNA. By discussing standardization of cf-mtDNA detection methods, this review aims to provide theoretical foundations for clinical translation of this emerging biomarker.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Volume
- 13
- Pages
- 1774015–1774015
- Publication date
- 26 February 2026
- Language
- EN