New insights into contrast-associated acute kidney injury: the key role of endothelial dysfunction

Background: Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury (CA-AKI) is a major cause of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients, which is triggered by the administration of iodinated contrast agents during computed tomography scans and angiographic procedures. It significantly elevates cardiovascular risk and stands as a major complication of coronary angiography, contributing to a marked deterioration in patient prognosis with elevated rates of morbidity and mortality. Aim: Our main goal was to assess the predictive factors of CA-AKI and investigate a possible association between pre-existing endothelial dysfunction and the occurrence of CA-AKI following Percutaneous Coronary Interventions (PCI). We also intended to explore possible preventive measures of CA-AKI. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational longitudinal study enrolling patients with an indication for PCI. Patients underwent an assessment of renal function (baseline creatinine, 24h and 48-72h after administration of contrast agent). We also evaluated renal function at one month as a secondary endpoint. Then, we analyzed Endothelial Quality Index (EQI) by Finger Thermal Monitoring (FTM) with E4 diagnosis Polymath. Results: We enrolled 187 patients (134 males, 53 females) in our study with a mean age of 61.1± 11.8 years. Over half (56.7%) were type 2 diabetes. A total of 60 cases of CA-AKI were reported (33.7%). The mean EQI was 0.86 ± 0.61. The vast majority of our study population (n=178; 95.2%) had endothelial dysfunction (EQI