Research progress on risk factors of recurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a prevalent disorder affecting the peripheral vestibular system. Although repositioning maneuvers can effectively alleviate symptoms in the majority of patients, the recurrence rate remains notably high, which has a significant impact on the quality of life of affected individuals. Consequently, it is essential to investigate the factors that contribute to the recurrence of BPPV. Current studies suggest that BPPV recurrence is associated with an array of factors, including metabolic abnormalities, endocrine disorders, vascular-metabolic diseases, prior head trauma, as well as gender and age-related factors. Further, vestibular dysfunction, genetic predispositions, and immunological factors also play a role. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms by which these factors influence BPPV recurrence. By synthesizing the most recent clinical research and meta-analyses, this study elucidates the clinical significance of BPPV. It also addresses relevant prevention and intervention strategies to equip clinicians to offer effective treatments and enhance long-term outcomes for patients experiencing BPPV.