Distributional characteristics analysis of aeroallergens among children With allergic respiratory diseases in Sichuan province, China

Objective To analyze the prevalence and distribution patterns of aeroallergens in children with respiratory allergic diseases in Sichuan Province based on skin prick test (SPT) results. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study included 7,301 pediatric patients with respiratory allergic diseases who attended the outpatient department of West China Second University Hospital between January 2023 and December 2024. All patients underwent standardized skin prick testing. Results Overall, 52.4% of children showed positive SPT results. The three most prevalent sensitizing allergens were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der.p ), Dermatophagoides farinae ( Der.f ), and house dust. Among the 3,826 children with positive SPT results, 86.5% were sensitized to two or more allergens. Most allergens exhibited the highest positive rates in the Sichuan Basin. With increasing age, sensitization rates to most inhalant allergens showed an upward trend. Across all age groups and disease categories, Der.f , Der.p , and house dust remained the most frequently detected allergens. Preschool children had the lowest overall SPT positivity rates. In addition, children with allergic rhinitis and those with concomitant atopic diseases showed significantly higher sensitization rates and broader polysensitization profiles than children with asthma alone or without such comorbidities. Conclusion Der.p and Der.f are the predominant airborne allergens among children with respiratory allergic diseases in Sichuan Province, likely influenced by the region's humid basin climate and geographic heterogeneity. Sensitization patterns vary significantly according to age, disease phenotype, geographic region, season, and the presence of concomitant atopic diseases. These findings provide important region-specific evidence for optimized allergen screening, early risk stratification, and individualized immunotherapy strategies in pediatric clinical practice.