Integrating CRISPR functional genomics with admixture-aware psychotropic pharmacogenetics in Brazil

Variability in the clinical response to psychotropic drugs remains a major barrier to effective psychiatric care. Pharmacogenetics offers a powerful framework for individualizing antidepressant and antipsychotic therapy, yet its implementation is complicated in genetically diverse populations. In Brazil, centuries of admixture among European, African, and Indigenous peoples have created a highly heterogeneous genomic landscape that limits the direct applicability of international pharmacogenetic guidelines. This review synthesizes evidence on ancestry-dependent allele frequencies, regional genetic gradients, and their clinical implications for psychotropic prescribing. It further discusses how integrating CRISPR functional genomics with admixture-aware psychiatry can experimentally validate population-specific variants, refine metabolizer phenotype classification, and support the development of ancestry-informed therapeutic guidelines. By combining genome editing, pharmacogenomic profiling, and regional admixture data, this integrative approach can improve dose prediction, reduce adverse drug reactions, and promote health equity. Ultimately, the convergence of pharmacogenetics, functional genomics, and precision medicine initiatives positions Brazil as a global model for equitable, ancestry-aware psychopharmacology.