Differences in acute physiological response to a Qigong exercise among middle-aged adults with varying durations of Qigong practice

Background Qigong combines physical movement, breath control, and mental focus, offering potential benefits for healthy aging. Since physiological decline begins in midlife, this stage is critical for preventive intervention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in acute physiological responses, including autonomic (heart rate variability) and respiratory indicators, during a single session of combined Yijinjing and Liuzijue Qigong in middle-aged adults with varying durations of practice experience (≥4 years vs. ≤6 months). Methods Forty adults aged 40 to 59 were included and divided into two groups based on Qigong exercise experience: an experienced group ( n = 20) with ≥4 years of practice, and an inexperienced group ( n = 20) with