The effect of complex training with traditional and variable resistance on lower limb muscle strength and swimming performance in competitive swimmers

Purpose To compare the effects of variable resistance complex training (VRCT) versus traditional complex training (TCT) on maximum strength, vertical jump ability and swimming performance in swimmers. Methods Twenty-four male swimmers (age: 20.9 ± 1.1 years) were randomized to VRCT (n = 8), TCT (n = 8), or control (CON; n = 8) and completed a twice weekly training intervention over a 6-week period. Training programs involved alternating high-load resistance exercise with plyometric exercise within the same session. The VRCT group performed resistance exercises at 70% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM) + 0% to 23% of 1RM from band resistance with a 90-second rest interval, while the TCT group conducted resistance exercise at 93% of 1RM with a 4-minute rest interval. Maximum strength, vertical jump, start, turn and 100-m sprint performance were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Results VRCT and TCT demonstrated significant increase in the 1RM back squat, countermovement jump and squat jump height (all p < 0.01). Furthermore, VRCT and TCT significantly improved turn ( p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) and 100-m sprint time (both p < 0.01), whereas start time improved only in the VRCT ( p < 0.01). Between groups, VRCT showed significant improvement in the start and turn times ( p < 0.05) compared with CON. Conclusions Both complex training modalities can be implemented to enhance lower limb strength, power and sprint performance. VRCT is more efficient to improve start and turn time in swimmers.