Public administration-third sector collaboration in the Basque Country: a qualitative study and an emergent bridge-building framework

The study applies a communicative qualitative methodology to explore collaboration between public administration and third sector organizations in the Basque Country. This collaboration is increasingly influencing the current economic model. Ten diverse organizations were selected through a two-step process (random identification plus willingness to participate), and data were gathered via a focus group, ten in-depth interviews, and five follow-up interviews, all recorded and systematically coded. Analysis focused on barriers and enabling factors, developing a four-stage management framework of collaboration: initial support, co-creation, temporal co-participation, and enduring co-participation. Results show a mature yet evolving hybrid governance system, where stable forums, shared values, and flexible instruments allow the third sector to move from subsidized service provision to co-responsible welfare governance, especially in health, housing, and social inclusion.