Feel it to learn it!—Cognitive and motivational effects of haptic learning materials

Introduction: Haptic learning materials have been increasingly recognized for their potential to enhance cognitive and motivational aspects of learning. This study examines the effects of using haptic anatomical models compared to visual representations in learning environments. Methods: The research specifically investigates the impact of haptic materials on learning success, intrinsic motivation, and cognitive load, considering individual differences in the Need for Touch (NFT). Using an experimental design, 87 university students participated in a study where they engaged with either haptic or visual materials on anatomical structures. Results: Results showed no significant difference in overall learning success between the two conditions. However, haptic materials led to lower extraneous cognitive load and higher germane cognitive load in certain contexts, suggesting improved information processing. Additionally, intrinsic motivation was significantly higher in the haptic condition for specific learning content. Regression analyses revealed that students with a high NFT particularly benefited from haptic models, experiencing reduced extraneous load and increased intrinsic motivation. Discussion: These findings highlight the relevance of haptic materials in optimizing cognitive load and motivation, contributing to embodied learning theories. Future research should explore the long-term effects of haptic learning and its applications across diverse educational contexts.