Specific design strategies for elderly-friendly residential spaces in nursing homes: an integrated model approach based on empathy map-KANO-AHP-PUGH

Objective: To address the challenges older adults face in resting within an aging society, this study explores the design characteristics of age-friendly residential spaces in nursing homes. The goal is to alleviate psychological stress stemming from rest difficulties and enhance the quality of life for seniors receiving home-based care. Method: First, explicit and implicit needs were identified through interviews combined with Empathy Maps. Next, the KANO model was applied to classify these needs and clarify design optimization directions. Subsequently, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to construct an evaluation index system, determining the weighting and priority ranking of each need. Finally, the PUGH decision matrix was employed to compare and evaluate multiple design proposals, selecting the optimal solution. Applying research findings to the practical design of residential spaces in nursing homes. Results: Utilizing the Empathy Map, KANO model, AHP method, and PUGH decision matrix, an age-friendly residential spaces was designed to meet the physiological and psychological needs of the elderly. Conclusion: Integrating the KANO model with the AHP hierarchical analysis method enables precise identification of user needs while reducing arbitrary subjective assumptions. The PUGH decision matrix generates optimal design solutions to guide age-friendly residential space design. This study proposes a preliminary integrated decision-support framework that employs a structured process to conduct needs analysis and solution screening, which can serve as a reference for optimizing residential spaces for the elderly. Further validation is required through post-occupancy evaluations and user testing.