Autonomic regulation constrains psychotherapeutic workability: a state-dependent translational model for psychotherapy and psychosomatics

Psychotherapy does not fail only because techniques are poorly chosen or alliances are weak; it may also fail because the patient's momentary state does not support productive use of the task. This matters especially in psychotherapy and psychosomatic care, where bodily distress, interoceptive threat, shame, and autonomic dysregulation can narrow affective, mnemonic, and reflective workability. In this hypothesis-and-theory paper, I propose a state-dependent translational model of psychotherapeutic processing. Operationally, autonomic regulation is treated not as a binary switch but as a constraint on whether three proposed functional conditions are jointly available in clinically usable form: affective salience, contextual memory access, and reflective working capacity. The amygdala-hippocampus-prefrontal cortex triad is used as a pragmatic shorthand for distributed functions rather than as a one-region explanation of change. The paper integrates emotion-regulation research, autonomic psychophysiology, stress-related prefrontal dysfunction, memory updating, process-based psychotherapy, and selected state-sensitive traditions. It argues that some therapies rely on this logic implicitly, whereas selected state-sensitive traditions-notably ISTDP and related experiential-dynamic approaches-have operationalized real-time state monitoring, titration, and restoration more explicitly. The aim is not to offer a complete neuroscience of psychotherapy, but a clinically teachable and empirically testable model of psychotherapeutic workability relevant to psychosomatic settings, non-response, dropout, and training.