An integrative review of the physical, mental, and socioeconomic benefits of outdoor hiking

In recent years, outdoor hiking has garnered global attention as an effective health promotion activity. This review synthesizes relevant literature from various databases up to October 2025, assessing the physiological, psychological, and socio-economic impacts of outdoor hiking on individuals. The findings indicate that outdoor hiking significantly improves cardiovascular function, reduces the risk of chronic diseases, and enhances immune function. Additionally, it alleviates stress, improves mood, and helps reduce symptoms of depression. Furthermore, hiking contributes to increased social interaction and community cohesion, while also stimulating tourism and related industries. Existing policies and management measures still have limitations. This paper suggests incorporating trail development into national infrastructure planning, promoting "green social prescribing," and establishing a standardized framework for benefit assessment to support evidence-based decision-making. In conclusion, outdoor hiking not only enhances individual physical and mental health but also has a positive impact on economic and social development, necessitating policy support and interdisciplinary collaboration for sustainable health promotion.