Exploring older adults’ perceptions of intergenerational relationships and programs: a qualitative comparative analysis of participants and non-IGP participants

Introduction: As the global population ages at an unprecedented rate, rapid shifts in demographics and evolving family structures have placed increasing pressure on countries to ensure the health and well-being of an aging population. Intergenerational programs have emerged as a potential solution in improving the physical, social, and psychological outcomes of older adults. While research has primarily focused on intergenerational relationships within care facilities, familial context, or participants of intergenerational programs, few studies have examined these relationships in broader community settings. This study aimed to understand and compare the experiences, facilitators, barriers, and perceptions of older adults who have participated in intergenerational programs before with those who have not. Methods: A qualitative descriptive approach with semi-structured interviews was conducted with 15 older adults who participated in intergenerational programs and 10 older adults who did not participate in intergenerational programs via purposive sampling. Data were analyzed thematically using inductive coding. Results: The themes were organized into three themes: (1) perceptions of young adults and intergenerational relationships, (2) perception of generation gap and navigating intergenerational relationships, and (3) facilitators and barriers of intergenerational relationships and programs. A key finding was that participation in intergenerational programs fostered positive impressions of young adults, but older adults' preference for casual interactions over deeper intergenerational relationships limited the sustainability and quality of the relationships. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study highlighted how older adults' experiences and perceptions with intergenerational relationships and programs are shaped by both contact and motivation. Results indicated that contact alone may be insufficient, highlighting the need for a shift in mindset to view intergenerational relationships and programs as meaningful and rewarding.