Investigating the relationship of indoor temperature and humidity with sleeping quality in private residential care homes for persons with disabilities in Hong Kong

Objective This study investigated the relationship between indoor temperature, humidity, and sleep quality in private residential care homes for persons with disabilities (PRCHDs) in Hong Kong, a vulnerable and under-researched population. Methods A 6 month pilot study (August 2024–February 2025) was conducted in three PRCHDs. Smart sensors monitored indoor temperature and relative humidity in dining areas and bedrooms. Thirty residents with disabilities residing in PRCHDs completed four surveys assessing sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Time-series analysis compared indoor conditions with outdoor data, while statistical models analyzed associations between PSQI scores and environmental factors. Results Many participants residing in experienced poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5), especially in summer (30–73%). Indoor temperatures in PRCHDs often exceeded outdoor levels, particularly during warmer months. Significant associations were observed between sleep quality and indoor temperature, relative humidity, sleeping periods, and self-perceived humidity ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Findings highlight the need to improve environmental conditions in PRCHDs, particularly during summer. Recommendations include improving ventilation, increasing air conditioning use, and promoting outdoor activities to enhance sleep quality and overall well-being.