A patient journey map based on the experience of temporomandibular disorders patients: a qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis

Background: The traditional nursing model struggles to meet the needs of patients with complex diseases such as temporomandibular disorders. Clinically, nurses should provide comprehensive and evidence-based services tailored to patient's unique characteristics. Aims: By integrating qualitative evidence from patients with temporomandibular disorders, the journey map identifies needs and serves as a reference for optimizing care. Methods: The search scope covers the period from the inception of each database to March 2025, and 11 databases were systematically searched. Focused on collecting qualitative research literature concerning the experience of temporomandibular disorders patients. We integrated the research results by employing the Joanna Briggs' meta-aggregation approach. Results: A total of 19 studies were included and categorized into four stages of the patient journey, resulting in four main themes that reflect the multidimensional healthcare needs of TMD patients. These themes are further broken down into 34 sub-themes across three dimensions: tasks, emotions, and pain points. The resulting patient journey map visualizes these stages and highlights specific needs at each point in the journey. Conclusion: The journey for TMD patients is long and complex, with evolving, multidimensional needs. Caregivers should help patients adjust psychologically and manage challenges by offering targeted information and support throughout their disease journey. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251010686, identifier PROSPERO (CRD420251010686).