Invisible battles: the disability paradox and workplace experiences of individuals with lupus

Background: Individuals living with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), experience complex interplay between fatigue, mental health challenges, and workplace inclusion. SLE-related fatigue extends beyond physical exhaustion, encompassing cognitive and emotional depletion, while anxiety and depression further compound its effects. By integrating Paradox Theory and the Social Model of Disability, this research conceptualizes how competing workplace demands and structural barriers contribute to employment instability and reinforce exclusion. Methods: A qualitative research design is employed, drawing from in-depth narrative interviews with six individuals living with SLE in South Africa. Results: Two critical themes emerged from the study: pervasive fatigue and mental health cycles. The findings underscore the need for structural changes that shift responsibility from individuals managing their symptoms to workplaces creating adaptable environments. Conclusion: Addressing these issues is essential for reducing stigma, promoting inclusivity, and ensuring equitable employment opportunities for individuals with invisible disabilities.