Risk factors for acne vulgaris among rosacea patients: a cross-sectional study

Background The prevalence of acne vulgaris among rosacea patients is significantly higher than that of the general population, but the risk factors for acne vulgaris among rosacea patients remain unclear. Objective Explore the potential risk factors for the occurrence of acne vulgaris among rosacea patients, focusing on lifestyle, skincare habits, and dietary habits. Methods A total of 300 rosacea patients were included. Lifestyle, skincare habits, and dietary habits were collected using a validated questionnaire survey. A Multivariate logistic regression model was employed to analyze risk factors associated with acne vulgaris. Further subgroup analysis and restricted cubic spline function was used to analyze the related risk factors. Results The prevalence of acne vulgaris was 30.33% in 300 rosacea patients, which is significantly higher than the 14.83% observed in the general population. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that sufficient sleep duration was a protective factor against acne vulgaris in rosacea patients [OR = 0.738 (0.589–0.926)] ( p < 0.05), while the use of sunscreen products was identified as a risk factor [OR = 2.602 (1.083–6.249)], ( p < 0.05). Additionally, restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a significant linear dose–response relationship between longer sleep duration and a lower risk of acne vulgaris ( P overall < 0.05, P nonlinear = 0.86). Conclusion Adequate sleep appears to be a protective factor, while frequent sunscreen use may increase the risk of acne vulgaris among rosacea patients. Tailored lifestyle recommendations may contribute to improved comorbidity management.