Effects of continuous and interval training on brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations and executive function in physically inactive adolescents with overweight and obesity

Introduction This study aimed to analyze the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on the plasma concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and executive function in physically inactive adolescents with overweight and obesity. Methods Fiftythree participants (14.01 ± 2.09 years, 27 girls and 26 boys) were allocated to a HIIT program ( n = 15), MICT ( n = 14) or a control group (CG; n = 24). Exercise sessions were conducted on stationary bikes three times a week for 12 weeks. The MICT session lasted 60 min and the HIIT session lasted approximately 35 min. The variables included plasma BDNF concentrations and measures of executive function, specifically cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control, assessed using the Trial-Making Test and Stroop Test. Results There was a significant increase in BDNF level for HIIT (Δ = 70.43 pg/mL, p = 0.003), but not for MICT (Δ = 21.17 pg/mL, p = 0.391) and CG (Δ = −3.09 pg/mL, p = 0.865). Thus, we observed a significant improvement in cognitive flexibility for HIIT group (Δ = −59.62″, p < 0.001), but not in the MICT (Δ = −9.32″; p = 0.806) and CG (Δ = 3.15″; p = 0.834). For inhibitory control, there was a significant improvement in both HIIT (Δ = −39.88″, p < 0.001) and MICT (Δ = −31.55″, p = 0.001). Conclusion In conclusion, both MICT and HIIT programs can benefit the cognitive function in physical inactive adolescents with overweight and obesity. We observed a significant increase in BDNF only in HIIT training,while MICT did not show significant changes compared to the CG.