Adaptive low-light image enhancement using Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set optimized by Reptile Search Algorithm

Superiority of images in low light is necessary in the case of medical image as well as autonomous systems but there is still a challenge of balancing between brightness and natural appearance. The presented paper elaborates a new improvement model that combines Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set as well as Reptile Search Algorithm optimization. The proposed approach automatically tunes the fuzzy membership and hesitation factors to adapt to uncertainty in dark areas while preserving significant structural data. The Performance is evaluated using common objective metrics which are Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Absolute Mean Brightness Error, Contrast Improvement Index and entropy. All the reported percentage improvements are computed using the average metric values of the baseline Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set method on the complete dataset. The results of the investigations indicate significant and consistent increases in the experimental results with a 3.69% percentage gain in entropy, a 21.71% percentage gain in brightness restoration, an 18.73% percentage gain in contrast and a 66.12% percentage gain in Peak Signal to Noise Ratio compared to the baseline method. As these results show, the given technique yields naturally amplified images that have better qualities in clarity, conciseness and structural conservation, which is extremely applicable in real-life situations involving low-light photography.