Expectations for a co-designed virtual immersive program for older adults with dementia in long-term care: a qualitative study with residents, family, and staff

Introduction: Virtual immersive programs (VIP) have been found as a recreational medium with positive impacts on the quality of life for older adults living with dementia in long-term care (LTC). While studies have explored the adoption of a VIP in LTC and suggested the need for tailored programs, there is a paucity of studies that have investigated the expectations of end-users of VIP in LTC. As part of a larger study to co-develop a VIP in LTC settings guided by the design thinking framework, this paper reports the purpose of our study, focused on the first two stages of that framework (i.e., empathy and define), which was to explore expectations prior to implementation of VIP from the perspectives of residents, family members, and staff in Canadian LTC home settings. Methods: We conducted qualitative interviews and focus groups at one LTC home with 14 residents, six family members, and six staff members. We used reflexive thematic analysis to identify key expectations regarding content and delivery, positive outcomes, and concerns of a VIP in LTC. Results: We identified five themes (1) Personalized and engaging content, (2) A world without boundaries, (3) Shared experiences and care support, (4) Challenges of transitioning back to actual reality, and (5) Technology and usability barriers. Conclusion: Our findings offer useful insights and practical tips through the recommendations IMAGINE in co-designing technology that is appropriately tailored to residents, staff, and family members in LTC. This study provides foundational knowledge for the co-design of VIPs by highlighting end-user expectations prior to implementation, an often-overlooked stage in technology development.