Posture evaluation and treatment in adolescents through wearable technology: a systematic review

Introduction: Postural health is crucial during adolescence, a period marked by rapid physical growth and increased susceptibility to postural deformities due to sedentary lifestyles. Wearable technologies offer a promising solution for spinal posture monitoring and correction, utilizing sensors, inertial measurement units (IMUs), and artificial intelligence to provide real-time biofeedback. However, current wearable devices face limitations, including inconsistent methodologies, sensor attachment issues, and the absence of immediate corrective feedback. This systematic review aims to determine the status of clinical and experimental research in the area of wearable technology designed for spinal monitoring in adolescents. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched multiple databases for relevant studies published until December 31, 2024, identifying studies about technology/ies able to monitor posture of the spine in the adolescents. The Systematic review protocol is available in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with the following number: CRD42024532328. Results: Three studies have been identified including a total of 103 participants, comprising 58 males and 45 females Findings indicate that while existing wearable systems can track posture, they often lack methodological rigor, real-time feedback capabilities, and comprehensive evaluation protocols. Discussion: There is a critical need for innovative digital health solutions that integrate real-time monitoring and personalized interventions to address postural issues effectively. Despite their potential, wearable technologies face challenges related to usability, effectiveness, and evidence quality. Future research should focus on developing user-friendly designs, strengthening methodological approaches, and integrating multiple monitoring techniques to enhance spinal health in adolescents. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/recorddashboard, PROSPERO CRD42024532328.