Accuracy of robot-assisted anterior transpedicular screws in the subaxial cervical spine: an experimental study on human specimens

Study Design: Prospective study. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and safety of robot-assisted anterior transpedicular screw (ATPS) fixation in human cervical spine specimens. Methods: A spine robotic system was used to implant thirty-six 1.2 mm Kirschner wires (K-wires) into the cervical pedicles (C4-C7) of five human specimens. Accuracy was assessed by comparing the planned trajectories with the actual K-wire positions. The Gertzbein-Robbins classification system (GRS), adapted for cervical pedicles, was used to evaluate accuracy; Grades A and B ( 0.05). Conclusion: Robot-assisted ATPS fixation in cervical specimens achieved high accuracy with 97.2% of placements rated clinically acceptable, indicating its technical feasibility and potential utility in anterior cervical procedures.