Hybrid task and motion planning with reactive collision handling for multi-robot disassembly of complex products: application to EV batteries

This paper addresses the problem of multi-robot coordination for complex manipulation task sequences. We present a vision-driven task-and-motion planning (TAMP) framework for a real dual-agent platform that integrates task decomposition and allocation with a learning-based planner. A GMM-informed RRT motion planner is coupled with a hybrid safety layer that combines predictive collision checking in a MoveIt/FCL digital twin with reactive avoidance and replanning. This integration is challenging as the system jointly satisfies task precedence, geometric feasibility, dynamic obstacle avoidance, and dual-arm coordination constraints. The framework operates in a closed loop by updating the remaining task sequence from repeated scene scans and completion-state tracking rather than executing a fixed open-loop plan. In EV battery disassembly experiments, compared with baseline RRTConnect under identical perception and task assignments, the proposed system reduces cumulative end-effector path length from 48.8 to 17.9 m ( − 63.3 % ) , improves makespan from 467.9 to 429.8 s ( − 8.1 % ) , and reduces swept volumes (R1: 0.583 → 0.139 m 3 , R2: 0.696 → 0.252 m 3 ) and overlap ( 0.064 → 0.034 m 3 ) . These results show that combining predictive planning and reactive collision avoidance in a real dual-arm disassembly scenario improves motion compactness, safety, and scalability to broader multi-robot sequential manipulation tasks.