Effect of minimally invasive non-surgical periodontal therapy in former smokers with periodontitis on salivary IL-1β and PGE-2 profile

Objectives: Limited data are available regarding salivary inflammatory marker levels following conventional versus minimally invasive non-surgical periodontal therapy and smoking cessation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of conventional non-surgical periodontal therapy (CNST) versus minimally invasive non-surgical periodontal therapy (MINST) on the levels of salivary inflammatory markers, specifically interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), in patients with stage III grade A/B periodontitis. Moreover, it investigated the impact of smoking cessation on these biomarkers and compared outcomes among smokers, non-smokers (NS), and individuals who quit smoking. Methods: A randomized controlled biochemical trial was conducted with 40 patients divided into four groups: smokers who quit and received conventional therapy (SQ1), smokers who quit and received minimally invasive therapy (SQ2), smokers continuing to smoke (SC), and NS. Results: Both the SQ2 and NS groups reported significant reductions in salivary PGE2 and IL-1β levels at both observation periods compared with the SC group. Conclusions: MINST appeared more effective in controlling inflammatory markers among patients who quit smoking compared with conventional non-surgical therapy.