Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of agrochemical use among farmers in the United Arab Emirates: a pre-and post-intervention assessment

Introduction The widespread use of agrochemicals enhances agricultural productivity but poses significant health and environmental risks, particularly in arid regions such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods This study assessed farmers' knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding agrochemical use through a structured questionnaire administered to 124 purposively sampled participants before and after a 2-week educational intervention. The questionnaire employed a 5-point Likert scale to measure changes in KAP scores. The intervention consisted of daily digital training delivered via WhatsApp, supported by four 30-min Zoom sessions, practical demonstrations (via video) and discussion-based learning focused on safe handling, storage, application and disposal of agrochemicals, as well as the introduction of sustainable and organic farming principles. Statistical analyses included Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, Friedman tests and correlation analysis. Results Statistical analyses revealed significant improvements in knowledge (3.4–4.1), attitudes (3.8–4.0), and practices (3.2–3.4) post-intervention. Training emerged as a strong predictor of improved KAP outcomes. Discussion The findings of the study demonstrate the importance of participatory, context-specific educational approaches in promoting safer agrochemical behaviors and provide actionable insights for policymakers and extension services seeking to reduce agrochemical-related risks and support broader sustainability objectives within the UAE's agricultural sector.