Equine dental destructive disorders: an epidemiological survey in northern Germany

Introduction: Destructive lesions of the peripheral and infundibular cementum are increasingly recognized in equine dentistry. While similarities to human caries have been noted, current evidence does not conclusively support this classification. This study aims to assess the prevalence, distribution, and potential risk factors associated with these lesions in a defined horse population. Materials and methods: A total of 114 horses from northern Germany underwent standardized oral examination between 2021 and 2023. Clinical data on peripheral and infundibular lesions, diastemata, and influencing factors such as age and sex were collected and statistically analyzed using adapted grading systems and multiple comparative tests. Results: Peripheral cemental lesions were present in 77.2% and infundibular changes in 61.4% of the horses. While molars were more frequently affected than premolars, no significant correlation was found between the two lesion types. Infundibular disease increased significantly with age, whereas peripheral lesions showed a non-significant age-related trend. Female horses exhibited a higher prevalence of peripheral cemental lesions. Discussion/conclusion: Despite similar cemental involvement, peripheral and infundibular lesions differ markedly in clinical relevance and progression, necessitating distinct diagnostic approaches. Peripheral changes are often benign, whereas infundibular lesions may lead to pulpitis or fractures. These findings underline the need for species-specific diagnostic criteria and further research into modifiable risk factors.