Editorial: 3D printing and virtual surgery in veterinary dentistry and oromaxillofacial surgery

tooth, later printed along with a surgical drilling guide. Such drilling guides were tested 27 in vitro using 3D-printed dental models and were compared with classic root canal access.The authors conclude that there were significant variations between both techniques and 29 that surgical drilling guides can contribute to a reduction of endodontic access size and 30 instrumentation complications including ledges and perforation of the chamber floor.Morin and D'Astous investigated the endodontic anatomy of the maxillary fourth 32 premolar using micro-CT analysis and virtual planning, identifying clinically relevant 33 variations. In particular, the mesiopalatal canal exhibited a marked curvature, with an 34 average angulation of approximately 150 degrees in its coronal third.