Insights into the influence of dog and guardian demographics, nutrition, and relationship on raw feeding practices

Introduction: Raw meat-based diets (RMBD) are increasingly popular among dog guardians, yet the role of personal nutrition habits and pet-guardian relationships in their adoption remains unclear. This study examines how these factors, alongside previously identified drivers of pet food selection, specifically relate to the decision to feed RMBD. Methods: Data from 433 dog guardians were collected via an e-survey, from which 46 questions were selected for analysis in this study. Participants were placed into raw or cooked groups based on their dogs' primary diet. Responses were assessed using descriptive statistics and univariate logistic regression. Results: A cooked diet was the primary feeding method for 291 participants, while 142 reported providing a diet that included at least one raw element. Households with an income exceeding CA $100,000 were predictive of raw feeding, while possession of graduate education was protective against it. Intact dogs of medium size were also associated with raw feeding practices. Compared to supermarkets and veterinary clinics, pet specialty stores were significantly more likely to be used by raw feeders for pet food purchases. Additionally, the provision of supplements to ensure dietary balance was linked to raw feeders, with the inclusion of fish oil increasing the odds of feeding RMBD. Raw feeding was also associated with greater perceived knowledge of canine nutrition and a preference for minimally processed pet foods, whereas emphasis on the convenience or cost of feeding reduced the likelihood of adopting RMBD. Survey questions evaluating guardians' nutrition habits and perceived relationships with their pets did not predict diet group membership. Conclusion: Differences between raw feeders and guardians feeding cooked diets were observed in demographics (e.g., income and education), dog characteristics (e.g., breed size and sexual status), supplement use, pet food opinions and purchasing locations, and perceived dog nutrition knowledge. However, no differences were found in personal nutrition habits or the perceived human-animal bond.