Effective Communication Within and Across Public Health Institutions: A Qualitative Study in Switzerland

Objectives: This paper explores the communication challenges faced by public health institutions in Switzerland during COVID-19 pandemic and identifies key barriers and facilitators of effective communication within and across public health institutions. Methods: In 2021, we conducted qualitative online semi-structured interviews to collect opinions and experiences of representatives of Swiss public health institutions. Interview transcripts were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis to identify main themes. Results: Key facilitators of effective communication included flexibility, dedicated resources, new processes, coordination, and experiential knowledge. Inter-institutional communication benefited from clear processes, active listening, mediation, and strong networks. Barriers mirrored these factors, such as role tensions, unclear responsibilities, and limited resources. Discrepancies across cantons and between government levels, especially between the confederation and cantons, often hindered communication. Conclusion: To strengthen communication in public health crises, we recommend clear protocols, centralized structures, and bridging cultural and linguistic gaps. Ongoing training and diverse perspectives are key to effective communication within and across public health institutions in Switzerland and beyond.