Movement Disorders in Cabo Verde: Epidemiology, Access Barriers, and Public Health Implications in an Aging Island Population

Objectives: Movement disorders (MDs), including Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor, are growing causes of disability globally. Yet, data on MDs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Cabo Verde, remain scarce. This study aimed to estimate MD prevalence and incidence, identify at-risk groups, and evaluate access to care. Methods: A multi-site, country-level cross-sectional study was conducted from July to December 2024, including 110 adults with confirmed MDs. Data were obtained via clinical record reviews, interviews, and a structured questionnaire. Analyses included descriptive statistics, multivariable logistic regression, and thematic analysis of open-text responses. Results: The age-standardized MD prevalence was 17 per 100,000 population (95% CI: 13-20), with higher rates in men [19 (14-25)] and in those over 60 [117 (89-145)]. PD accounted for 79% of cases. While 78% used pharmacotherapy, 70% faced moderate or severe difficulties accessing medication, and 35% of those who sought therapy reported facing barriers. Fifty-one percent experienced a significant life impact. Conclusion: Findings reveal significant access challenges and rising MD burden, underscoring the need for early diagnosis, decentralized services, and public health system strengthening in LMICs.