The Burden of Parkinson’s Disease Based on the GBD 2021

Objective: To examine global temporal trends in Parkinson's disease (PD) prevalence from 1992 to 2021, providing a foundation for targeted prevention and control strategies for neurodegenerative disorder. Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 were analyzed using an age-period-cohort model to assess temporal trends in PD at global levels. Decomposition analysis evaluated the influence of population aging, growth and epidemiological transitions on disease burden. Results: From 1992 to 2021, the global number of PD cases increased from 3,471,682.09 to 11,756,618.58. The age-standardized prevalence rose from 191.38 per 100,000 to 292.93 per 100,000 population, with a global net drift value of 1.42%. Globally, PD prevalence increased and then declined with age, though some regions showed continuous rise. Period and cohort effects suggested increasing relative risk worldwide and in several regions. Decomposition analysis identified population growth as the primary driver of the increasing global PD burden. Conclusion: PD prevalence and age-standardized rates increased globally and regionally, with a marked surge among individuals aged 60+. Underscoring the need for region-tailored strategies aligned with World Health Organization's objectives for 2030.