Al-Abbasiya and Al-Fil: Two Irrigation Canals – A Study in Light of Archaeological Surveys

The study sheds light on two ancient irrigation canals on the Lower Zab tributary known as Al-Abbasiya and Al-Fil. The study deals with the supposed development of these two ancient canals, their functions, and the nature of their extension from the beginning, where they emerged from the Lower Zab tributary until their mouth in Wadi Zaghaitun, the villages, archaeological sites, and stations that pass through them, and attempts to determine their history based on the archaeological sites and other ancient irrigation projects near them, especially the irrigation canals extending in the Makhmur Plain, known as the First and Second Abbasid River Canal or Makhmur Canal, as well as based on the nature of the canals, their meanders, and the amounts of silt they contain.