Assessment of Groundwater Contamination by Microplastic Particles: A Case Study in Selected Areas of Mosul District, Iraq

Microplastic contamination of water resources is an emerging environmental concern with increasing impact, particularly when it affects groundwater, a primary source of freshwater. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of microplastic particles and characterize their physical and chemical properties in groundwater wells located in selected areas of Mosul District, northern Iraq. Samples were collected from twelve wells distributed across various urban and rural locations within the district. All samples underwent advanced laboratory analysis using high-precision instruments. The study employed Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and a Stereomicroscope to accurately analyze particle characteristics. The results revealed a wide variation in microplastic contamination levels, ranging from 18 to 103 particles per liter of water. Size distribution analysis indicated that the majority of particles were small, with 37% having diameters less than 10 micrometers, which increases their mobility through geological layers and poses a significant environmental risk. In terms of polymer composition, polyethylene was the most frequently identified polymer (38%), followed by polyvinyl chloride (33%), known for its toxic nature and high environmental risk. Visually, black-colored microplastics dominated (41%), followed by transparent particles (32%). These findings highlight the urgent need to strengthen environmental monitoring programs and implement sustainable groundwater protection strategies.