CFD and Experimental Validation of a Compact Radial Turbine for High-Altitude UAV Power System

This research presents the design, numerical analysis, and experimental validation of a compact radial turbine intended for mini-turbocharger applications in UAV power systems. To meet the stringent requirements of UAV propulsion—such as lightweight construction, high efficiency at small scales, and stable performance across varying operating altitudes—a test rig was constructed to experimentally estimate turbine torque and shaft power across selected operating conditions. Complementary CFD simulations were performed to evaluate aerodynamic behavior, including flow distribution, torque generation, and power output at multiple rotational speeds matched to experimental mass-flow rates. Additional high-speed CFD simulations were conducted to predict turbine performance in operational regimes typical of UAV engines, where experimental testing is challenging. The combined CFD–experimental methodology provides accurate performance prediction for micro-scale radial turbines across different volute geometries and operating conditions. The results contribute essential insights for the development of next-generation miniaturized turbochargers aimed at enhancing UAV engine efficiency, high-altitude capability, and overall flight endurance.