Spraying Lignin Inhibitors Increases the Enzymatic Saccharification of Maize for Ruminant Feeding

Improving forage biomass utilization is an important strategy for increasing the efficiency of ruminant production systems. Lignin limits the accessibility of structural polysaccharides to hydrolytic enzymes, reducing biomass deconstruction and nutrient utilization. Modulation of lignin biosynthesis during plant development has emerged as a promising approach to decrease cell wall recalcitrance and improve biomass digestibility. In this study, we evaluated the effects of two lignin biosynthesis modulators, piperonylic acid (PIP) and methylenedioxy cinnamic acid (MDCA), on maize biomass saccharification and plant development under field conditions. Maize plants received one or two foliar applications of each modulator, and saccharification was assessed in different plant organs. Neither treatment affected plant morphology, growth, or biomass productivity. Both modulators significantly increased biomass saccharification across multiple plant organs, with gains ranging from 31% to 72%. For whole-plant biomass, PIP increased saccharification by 62% and 74% after single and double applications, respectively, whereas MDCA increased saccharification by 42% and 76%. Although both compounds were effective, PIP showed a consistent performance following a single low-dose application. These results demonstrate the potential of lignin biosynthesis modulators to improve maize biomass digestibility without compromising agronomic performance, supporting their use as a potential strategy to enhance forage quality and livestock production efficiency.