The Effect of Training on the Expression of Protein and Metabolites in the Plasma Exosomes of the Yili Horse

Objective: The effects of physical exercise on protein expression and metabolites in the plasma exosomes of Yili horses are not yet clear. This study aims to elucidate the effects of exercise training on the expression of plasma extracellular vesicle proteins and metabolites in Yili horses through multi-omics analysis, providing reference indicators for the training and performance evaluation of Yili horses. Methods: Eight healthy 3-year-old Yili horses were selected for the study, with four untrained horses as the control group and four trained horses as the training group. After conducting proteomic and metabolomic analyses of the plasma exosomes of each group of horses, the differences in protein expression and metabolites were analyzed. Results: Compared with the control group, training significantly increased the levels of proteins in the plasma exosomes of Yili horses that promote muscle function and repair and regulate metabolism and immune function. In addition, carbohydrates and their metabolites were significantly reduced. Conclusion: Training significantly altered the protein composition and metabolites of Yili horse exosomes. These changes mainly provide new insights for the training and evaluation of Yili horse exercise ability, but further research is still needed.