A Narrative Review of Ginkgo Biloba Extract: Biological Function, Molecular Mechanisms, and Applications in Animal Production

Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), obtained from dried Ginkgo biloba leaves, provides a natural option. GBE supplementation can increase livestock's productivity through various biological functions, such as combating oxidative stress, reducing inflammation, optimizing gut microbiota, detoxifying intestinal toxins, and regulating immune responses. In this review, we utilized keywords such as "Ginkgo biloba extract" or "Ginkgo biloba extract" and "animal production" or "animal nutrition" to gather research on its various biological functions and the underlying mechanisms from databases such as Web of Science and PubMed, up to December 2025. Then, we systematically summarize the main bioactive components of GBE, its beneficial effects in livestock at different life stages and during different production cycles, and the related molecular pathways. Additionally, safety assessments and the potential applications were also discussed. This review highlights that GBE may be an effective plant-derived feed additive with multiple functions and strong potential to improve animal health, production efficiency, and product quality under intensive farming conditions. We hope that this review can stimulate broader discussions and better develop and utilize GBE as a feed additive in animal production.