Comparison of Different Implant Designs in Immediate Implantation Applications Using Finite Element Analysis

This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical behavior of different implant macrogeometries under immediate and delayed implantation protocols in a single maxillary anterior tooth model using three-dimensional finite element analysis. Six implant models from three different implant systems were analyzed, each including one aggressive and one passive macrogeometric design. In the immediate implantation models, implants were placed within the extraction socket, with the buccal gap filled using a xenograft material, whereas in the delayed implantation models, a fully remodeled healed bone condition was simulated. Stress and strain distributions were evaluated under a 120 N static oblique load representing functional occlusal forces in the anterior maxilla. Under immediate implantation conditions, aggressive designs demonstrated a more homogeneous stress distribution and reduced cervical stress concentration compared with passive designs, while maintaining comparable apical stress levels. Similarly, in delayed implantation models, aggressive macrogeometries exhibited lower stress concentrations in the cervical cortical bone relative to cylindrical designs. Overall, these findings suggest that aggressive implant macrogeometry may favorably balance cervical stress reduction and apical load transfer, supporting peri-implant bone preservation while maintaining primary mechanical anchorage.