Molecular Perspectives on the Association of Air Pollution Biomarkers with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Diabetes
Abstract
Air pollution is increasingly recognized as a contributor to metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The current review analyzes molecular mechanisms linking air pollution exposure to diabetes development, emphasizing the role of oxidative stress, and focusing on well-known biomarkers such as protein modifications, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and altered antioxidant capacity. Pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) and ozone induce oxidative stress and inflammation, disrupting insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis. Thus understanding these molecular pathways enhances our ability to identify at-risk populations and develop targeted interventions. This insight bridges environmental exposure and metabolic disease, underscoring urgent public health implications.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Air Quality and Health Impacts
Health
Environment
Cognitive Aging
Biomarkers in Disease Mechanisms
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Applied Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1898–1898
- Publication date
- 13 February 2026
- Language
- EN