A New Open-Set Recognition Method for Fault Diagnosis of AUV

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) play a crucial role in deep-sea exploration missions. In the complex and highly dynamic marine environment, it is essential for AUVs to possess robust fault diagnosis capabilities to enhance their operational safety. In the context of AUV fault diagnosis, closed-set recognition methods tend to misclassify unknown faults as known ones, which may lead to severe operational consequences. In order to enable AUVs to adapt to new and unknown deep-sea environments and effectively detect new unknown faults, this paper proposes an open-set AUV fault recognition method based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Firstly, the CNN is employed to extract high-level discriminative features from raw sensor data. Then, a committee consisting of multiple one-class SVMs (OC-SVMs) is constructed to determine whether the input sample belongs to a known category. Finally, the identified known samples are accurately classified via the designed classifier module. This method can effectively distinguish between known faults and unknown faults. To improve the recognition accuracy of the model, an attention mechanism is introduced. By learning to automatically assign weights to different feature channels, the model can focus on more important or relevant feature channels. Experiments based on the “Haizhe” dataset demonstrate that the proposed CNN-OC-SVM model exhibits superior performance in AUV fault diagnosis tasks compared with the state-of-the-art and traditional methods.