The Evolution of Jaw Kinematic Analysis: From Early Observations to Latest Technologies

The analysis of jaw kinematics is a valued approach to study the complex process of mastication. This review aims to provide a historically structured overview of methods used in jaw kinematic analysis, outlining their progression from early techniques to current technologies, and emphasizing key advances, limitations, and future directions. To address this aim, relevant literature was identified through targeted searches in academic databases, and key studies were used to trace earlier foundational work, allowing a historically oriented analysis of the field. The evolution of jaw kinematic methods reflects a progressive shift from subjective and indirect observations toward increasingly objective, dynamic, and three-dimensional assessments of mandibular movement. Despite substantial technological advances, many approaches remain limited by their complexity, cost, equipment size and lack of portability, and reliance on controlled laboratory environments, as well as constraints on natural movement. Nonetheless, these methods have contributed to clinically relevant insights into mandibular biomechanics and oral care, including the evaluation of different clinical conditions and treatment outcomes. Emerging technologies, including the development of more portable systems and improved motion tracking, together with artificial intelligence offer the potential of simplifying data acquisition under more natural conditions and its analysis enabling broader research and clinical use.