Ratcheting Evaluation of SS304 Samples Undergoing Peak-Valley Loading Reversals with Hold Time Periods at Room Temperature Through the Incorporation of the Static Recovery Term

The present study intends to evaluate the ratcheting of 304 stainless steel samples at room temperature, subjected to various loading spectra and holding times through the use of the combined Ahmadzadeh–Varvani (A-V) kinematic and Lee–Zavrel (L-Z) isotropic hardening rules. The nonlinear and time-dependent functions arec and Rrec were implemented in the hardening framework to account for the static recovery terms (SRTs) in the kinematic and isotropic hardening descriptions. The static recovery phenomenon promoted ratcheting in steel samples tested under asymmetric loading cycles with holding time peak/valley events. The static recovery phenomenon accounts for the restoration process, elevating the plastic deformation and reducing the number of cycles to material failure. The framework with the SRT enabled the prediction of material ratcheting involving the loading rate and dwell time at room temperature.