Effect of Farnesol and Octenol on Mycelium Differentiation

Hyphal systems have been essential for the morphoanatomical characterization of basidiomes and mycelia of aphyllophoroid fungi for taxonomic purposes. They have also been shown to influence the consistency of basidiomes. Recent developments in areas such as mycelium composite production as sustainable materials have redirected scientists’ attention to these structures, particularly regarding their material resistance, where complex hyphal systems enhance the properties of these composites. Compounds such as farnesol and octenol trigger growth and differentiation processes in many fungal groups, and laccases have been proposed as enzymes involved in these processes, given their roles in the synthesis of cell wall pigments and other cell wall components. Given the easily quantifiable differences in hyphal knots and dimitic mycelium between Fuscoporia torulosa and Inocutis tamaricis, we employed them as models to study their responses to these compounds, thereby helping fill the knowledge gap in the modulation of macrofungal mycelial differentiation. A variable effect was observed on laccase induction, while radial growth was reduced by octenol by up to 83% in F. torulosa and 65% in I. tamaricis, and by farnesol by up to 80% in I. tamaricis, showing slight effects on F. torulosa. Reductions of up to 100% were observed in the combination of high doses of both chemicals.