Deciphering the Origins of Commercial Sweetpotato Genotypes Using International Genebank Data

Sweetpotato genotypes, often known by regional names, are easily propagated via cuttings, which can lead to mixing and misidentification of cultivars. This complicates traceability and commercialization. Accurate characterization of common genotypes would support their formal registration and strengthen the sweetpotato value chain. Sweetpotato is a staple crop in Brazil, and in this study, four states, representing different geographic regions in Brazil, were selected. A total of 37 samples were collected in these states, and the samples were evaluated by SSR molecular markers and morphological traits. The samples were cleaned of virus and compared to the global sweetpotato collection held at the International Potato Center under the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. SSR markers effectively distinguished among accessions. The genotype locally known as "Canadense" matched closely both genetically and morphologically to the CIP accession 'Blesbok'. This alignment paves the way for formalizing cuttings and root production of "Canadense"/'Blesbok' for commercial use. In contrast, several accessions marketed in Sergipe as "white skin sweetpotato" did not correspond to any known CIP accession, suggesting that they may be unique regional genotypes or acquired from other sources, since sweetpotato is an exotic crop in Brazil. Overall, the research identified key genotypes, supporting their official registration with Brazil's Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Supply, thereby enhancing the legal commercialization of cuttings and roots. Additionally, the clear molecular and trait-based classification will assist sweetpotato crop improvement programs in selecting appropriate parent lines for future crosses.