Emerging Role and Potential Therapeutic Application of TRIM Proteins in Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular diseases have high mortality rates and present a high burden on society and the global healthcare system. A large quantity of drugs have been developed, such as aspirin, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and statins. Although these traditional drugs have decreased the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases, they still have multiple limitations. Due to their shortcomings, researchers have continued to search for novel targets for drug treatment. The tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family is a superfamily with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and involves diversified processes including proliferation, development, signal transduction, and immune regulation. The latest research has shown that TRIM proteins participate in the progression of cardiovascular diseases, such as cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and so on. In this review, we summarize the structure and function of TRIM proteins, as well as the mechanisms of their involvement in various cardiovascular diseases, aiming to raise awareness of the importance of TRIM proteins in cardiovascular disease research and treatment. Advancing our understanding of mechanisms mediated by TRIM proteins may emphasize their contributions to cardiovascular diseases and provide the opportunity to develop novel and targeted therapeutic strategies to combat cardiovascular diseases.